{"id":8931,"date":"2024-11-06T23:50:32","date_gmt":"2024-11-07T03:50:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thelantern.com\/projects\/?post_type=project&p=8931"},"modified":"2024-11-06T23:53:12","modified_gmt":"2024-11-07T03:53:12","slug":"the-true-cost-why-life-saving-drugs-are-so-inaccessible-and-how-one-student-group-is-working-to-change-that","status":"publish","type":"project","link":"https:\/\/www.thelantern.com\/projects\/project\/the-true-cost-why-life-saving-drugs-are-so-inaccessible-and-how-one-student-group-is-working-to-change-that\/","title":{"rendered":"The True Cost: Why life-saving drugs are so inaccessible and how one student group is working to change that"},"content":{"rendered":"

[et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ admin_label=”Header” _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” background_color=”RGBA(66,120,135,0.87)” background_enable_pattern_style=”on” background_pattern_style=”pills” background_pattern_transform=”flip_horizontal|flip_vertical|rotate_90_degree|invert” background_pattern_vertical_offset=”0%” custom_margin=”||-159px|||” custom_padding=”4vw||246px||false|false” box_shadow_style=”preset7″ box_shadow_horizontal=”0px” box_shadow_vertical=”-8vw” box_shadow_color=”#FFFFFF” collapsed=”on” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” width=”92%” max_width=”2560px” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/www.thelantern.com\/projects\/files\/2024\/11\/header.jpeg” title_text=”header” _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ admin_label=”Features” _builder_version=”4.20.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”3px|||||” custom_padding=”0px||0px|||” collapsed=”on” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” max_width=”1395px” min_height=”371px” custom_padding=”50px||2px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.20.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_heading title=”Why life-saving drugs are so inaccessible and how one student group is working to change that” _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” title_font=”Akshar||||||||” title_text_align=”center” title_text_color=”#000000″ title_font_size=”54px” module_alignment=”left” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_heading][et_pb_heading title=”By Emma Wozniak | Editor-in-Chief” _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” title_font=”Akshar||||||||” title_text_align=”center” title_text_color=”RGBA(66,120,135,0.87)” custom_margin=”-22px|||||” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_heading][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ admin_label=”Service” _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”0px||0px|||” saved_tabs=”all” collapsed=”on” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” width=”100%” max_width=”1574px” custom_margin=”|auto|-27px|auto||” custom_padding=”|||12px||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.20.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_heading title=”Taxpayers shelled out at least $3.8 million to help develop a cancer drug that offers new promise to patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia.” _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” title_font=”Akshar||||||||” title_text_color=”RGBA(66,120,135,0.87)” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_heading][et_pb_heading title=”It now costs over $194,000 per year for those who need it.” _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” title_font=”Akshar||||||||” title_text_color=”RGBA(66,120,135,0.87)” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_heading][et_pb_text module_id=”#anoverviewoftheproject” _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”87ab5062-91ff-4708-8f18-2ab13c250133″ text_font=”Akshar||||||||” custom_padding=”|||1px||” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

\u00a0For people suffering from various rare forms of blood cancer, acalabrutinib offers the promise of improved life quality by reducing serious side effects \u2014 namely suppressed immune systems that left patients dangerously vulnerable to infection \u2014 that came from previously established treatments.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

This drug\u2019s discovery was a big win for Ohio State researchers, who took the lead role in acalabrutinib\u2019s development and eventual FDA approval. The drug\u2019s high cost, however, has also drawn the attention of a global organization dedicated to making medical technologies more affordable and accessible to patients who need them.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Universities Allied for Essential Medicines, a student-led organization that spans 100 universities across 20 countries, has created an Affordable Access Plan \u2014 essentially a paragraph of language \u2014 that universities can add to their technology licensing agreements with external companies.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

The AAP would require that any company, pharmaceutical or otherwise, outlines plans to make new drugs or products more affordable to customers.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Beyond the credit a university receives for aiding in the discovery of a new drug, colleges also receive royalty payments, which are usually a percentage of the profits earned from the drug once it\u2019s on the market.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Although it is unclear how much money Ohio State has made from acalabrutinib, Justin Mendoza, UAEM\u2019s North American executive director, said royalty payments may explain why universities have generally \u201cshied away\u201d from the AAP and other similar provisions in the past.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cI think that the fairest way to characterize it is that the goals of a technology [commercialization office] are to commercialize and bring in revenue to the university,\u201d Mendoza said. \u201cAnd if those are the only two goals that the office sees, then nothing about access, or humanitarian use, or affordability, or public return on public investment matters to the office at its core. And it\u2019s not necessarily like they\u2019re failing at their job; just maybe their job isn\u2019t the correct job.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Though other university chapters of UAEM have found success in encouraging the adoption of the AAP in their respective technology commercialization offices, the branch of UAEM at Ohio State has run into some roadblocks.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

In fact, after several meetings with Ohio State\u2019s Technology Commercialization office, student members of UAEM said the office expressed a \u201clack of internal desire\u201d to implement the plan at the university.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Malik Perkins \u2014 a spokesperson for Ohio State\u2019s Enterprise for Research, Innovation and Knowledge, of which the commercialization office is a part \u2014 said the office is instead willing to work with UAEM student members on affordable access guidelines due to the uniqueness of each technology license.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u201cWhen you\u2019re trying to use standard language to implement into everything we do \u2014 \u2018We\u2019re gonna do this, this and this\u2019 \u2014 that just doesn\u2019t quite translate over very well when you look at the myriad of things we have coming out of that office,\u201d Perkins said. \u201cBut I think with the guidelines, it allows us to just kind of work toward that goal, that common goal, but still allows us to be able to do the things that we need to be able to do in a negotiation process \u2014 [that\u2019s] how it was explained to me.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Aadesh Chordia \u2014 co-founder and former president of Ohio State\u2019s UAEM branch, plus an MD candidate in Ohio State\u2019s College of Medicine \u2014 acknowledged the complicated nature of negotiations between universities and companies seeking patents for university-developed technologies. Even so, he said it is important for Ohio State to demonstrate an outward dedication to healthcare accessibility.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cOSU is a huge public institution, and it needs to be a leader in this space,\u201d Chordia said. \u201cThat\u2019s how it affects our students, and this is the university that we represent, and the university represents us.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ admin_label=”Service” _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”0px||95px|||” saved_tabs=”all” collapsed=”on” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_2,1_2″ use_custom_gutter=”on” _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” max_width=”1072px” custom_padding=”0px|21px|0px|0px|false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.20.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”60px||60px||true|false” custom_padding_tablet=”0px||0px||true|false” custom_padding_phone=”0px||0px||true|false” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|desktop” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_heading title=”How acalabrutinib came to be” _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” title_font=”Akshar||||||||” title_text_color=”RGBA(66,120,135,0.87)” title_font_size=”50px” title_line_height=”1.1em” custom_padding=”|107px||||” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_heading][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”87ab5062-91ff-4708-8f18-2ab13c250133″ text_font=”Akshar||||||||” width=”83.2%” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

After years of discovery and development by University of Cincinnati\u2019s College of Medicine Department Chair Dr. John C. Byrd, Ohio State hematology professor and physician Dr. Jennifer Woyach and their research team at Ohio State, acalabrutinib \u2014 sold under the brand name Calquence \u2014 received FDA approval in 2019.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

According to The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center webpage<\/a><\/span><\/span>, acalabrutinib is a Bruton\u2019s tyrosine kinase \u2014 or BTK \u2014 inhibitor, which is a \u201cnewer class of cancer drugs\u201d targeted at individuals with certain blood cancers.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.20.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_blurb image=”https:\/\/www.thelantern.com\/projects\/files\/2024\/11\/Woyach-in-lab.jpg” alt=”Jennifer Woyach, MD, a hematologist-oncologist at The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, works in the lab to research targeted therapies for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia.” image_icon_width=”200%” content_max_width=”627px” _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” header_font=”Akshar||||||||” body_font=”Akshar||||||||” body_line_height=”1.1em” width=”100%” max_width=”100%” min_height=”100px” max_height=”1000px” custom_margin=”82px|||-70px|false|false” custom_padding=”0px||0px|0px|false|false” animation_direction=”top” scroll_vertical_motion=”0|100|100|100|-1.5|0|1.5″ global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” text_line_height=”1em” custom_margin=”-52px|||-72px|false|false” custom_padding=”|68px||0px||” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Jennifer Woyach, MD, a hematologist-oncologist at The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, works in the lab to research targeted therapies for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Credit: Courtesy of Mary Ellen Fiorino<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.20.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”|auto|-137px|auto||” custom_padding=”||0px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.20.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”60px||60px||true|false” custom_padding_tablet=”0px||0px||true|false” custom_padding_phone=”0px||0px||true|false” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|desktop” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”87ab5062-91ff-4708-8f18-2ab13c250133″ text_font=”Akshar||||||||” width=”100%” min_height=”102.1px” custom_margin=”-146px|-86px|||false|false” custom_padding=”|0px|1px|1px||” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

By preventing the growth of cancer cells, acalabrutinib has \u201cimprove[d] the survival\u201d of patients while minimizing side effects brought on by earlier BTK inhibitors.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

This research was funded in part by a series of grants from the taxpayer-funded National Institutes of Health, the United States\u2019 main medical research agency. Chordia said funding also came from drug company Acerta Pharma \u2014 which has since been bought out by fellow biopharmaceutical business AstraZeneca \u2014 to finance the drug\u2019s clinical trials, which proved large in both size and cost.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

In other words, acalabrutinib received funding from both the NIH and Acerta Pharma.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

The Lantern reached out to Byrd and Woyach for comment on exactly how much funding went into acalabrutinib. Heather Chura, a spokesperson for Byrd, said he is unable to comment.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Mary Ellen Fiorino, a spokesperson for Woyach, said in an email Woyach \u201cisn\u2019t able to complete [the] request,\u201d but she wanted to share that acalabrutinib\u2019s clinical trials were funded entirely by Acerta Pharma, not the National Cancer Institute, which is a subgroup within the NIH.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThe funding from the NCI to us did not fund any trials that contributed to the approval for the drug,\u201d Fiorino said. \u201cThe phase 3 registration trials that led to drug approval were funded by the company that made the drug.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

By searching \u201cACP-196\u201d \u2014 another name for acalabrutinib \u2014 and filtering the results to include only those with Ohio State as the organization and Dr. Woyach as the principal investigator, a five-year-long project entitled \u201cImproving BTK Directed Therapy for CLL\u201d can be found.<\/span><\/p>\n

According to the RePORTER, the project \u2014 which \u201cattempt[ed] to approve BTK inhibition by investigating a more selective BTK inhibitor ACP-196\u201d \u2014 received its first year of funding in 2015. In its first four years, from 2015-2018, the project received $352,275 each year. In 2019, the project received $341,706. In total, the project received $1,750,806.<\/span><\/p>\n

Then, by searching \u201cacalabrutinib\u201d and filtering the results in the same way as above, a four-year-long project entitled \u201cTargeted Therapies for Lymphoid Malignancies\u201d can also be found.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

According to the RePORTER, this project \u2014 which analyzed \u201cresidual CLL cells and immune function of the microenvironment after prolonged therapy with an irreversible Burton\u2019s tyrosine Kinase inhibitor (BTKi), either ibrutinib and acalabrutinib\u201d \u2014 received $538,241 in its first year of funding in 2021. In 2022 and 2023, the project received $527,476 each year. In 2024, the project received $511,329. In total, the project has received $2,104,522.<\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” text_font=”Akshar||||||||” custom_margin=”89px|||||” border_color_all=”#EDF000″ box_shadow_style=”preset1″ box_shadow_color=”#006043″ global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.20.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”60px||60px||true|false” custom_padding_tablet=”0px||0px||true|false” custom_padding_phone=”0px||0px||true|false” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|desktop” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_blurb _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”da761f69-e9ac-4f2b-bfe4-f063f03d09bc” body_font=”Akshar||||||||” width=”80%” max_width=”100%” custom_padding=”8px|||||” locked=”off”]<\/p>\n

Though the NIH offers a free, publicly accessible <\/span>online tool<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span> that can be used to browse NIH-funded research projects, Chordia said determining the precise quantity of NIH funding that goes into drugs like acalabrutinib at a particular institution like Ohio State is difficult.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cEach link has a brief description of what [the grant] was used for, what it\u2019s going to be used for, so if it mentioned anything related to acalabrutinib, then it\u2019s likely that at least some of the money went toward acalabrutinib,\u201d Chordia said. \u201cBut these grants are intentionally written very broadly, so it makes it easier to spend the money in your lab without having to worry about whether you\u2019re allowed to do that or not.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

In other words, though the <\/span>tool<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span> shows there are multiple NIH grants given to Ohio State that name \u201cacalabrutinib\u201d \u2014 or its other title, \u201cACP-196\u201d \u2014 Chordia said this alone doesn\u2019t confirm the entirety of such grants went to the drug\u2019s development because the money likely went to several different projects.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Due to this vagueness, The Lantern only took into account NIH grants that explicitly mentioned the development or testing of \u201cacalabrutinib\u201d or \u201cACP-196\u201d in their abstracts.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\n
When adding such projects\u2019 grant funding together, The Lantern concluded Ohio State received at least $3,855,328 to research and develop acalabrutinib from the NIH, or in other words, from taxpayers.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n
\n
According to Drugs.com<\/a><\/span><\/span>, the serving size for Calquence is 200 mg \u2014 or two 100 mg tablets \u2014 per day. A one-month supply of 60 tablets costs $16,192, meaning a yearly supply costs $194,305.44.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n
[\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”39px|||||” custom_padding=”35px||0px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” min_height=”246px” custom_margin=”-75px|auto||auto||” custom_padding=”160px||29px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_heading title=”A source and acronym refresher” _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” title_font=”Akshar||||||||” title_text_align=”center” title_text_color=”RGBA(66,120,135,0.87)” title_font_size=”50px” title_letter_spacing=”5px” custom_margin=”-95px|||||” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_heading][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”-83px|||||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_3,1_3,1_3″ _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” min_height=”55px” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_icon font_icon=”||fa||900″ icon_color=”#000000″ icon_width=”55px” _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”||4px|||” custom_padding=”||13px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_icon][et_pb_heading title=”Justin Mendoza” _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” title_font=”Akshar||||||||” title_text_align=”center” title_text_color=”RGBA(66,120,135,0.87)” custom_margin=”||1px|||” custom_padding=”||0px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_heading][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” text_font=”Akshar||||||||” text_font_size=”25px” text_line_height=”1.2em” header_font=”Akshar||||||||” text_orientation=”center” custom_margin=”50px||||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
UAEM\u2019s North American executive director<\/span><\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_icon font_icon=”||fa||900″ icon_color=”#000000″ icon_width=”55px” _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”||6px|||” custom_padding=”||15px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_icon][et_pb_heading title=”Malik Perkins” _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” title_font=”Akshar||||||||” title_text_align=”center” title_text_color=”RGBA(66,120,135,0.87)” title_font_size=”24px” custom_margin=”||3px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_heading][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” text_font=”Akshar||||||||” text_font_size=”25px” text_line_height=”1.2em” text_orientation=”center” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
Spokesperson for Ohio State\u2019s Enterprise for Research, Innovation and Knowledge, of which the commercialization office is a part<\/span><\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_icon font_icon=”||fa||900″ icon_color=”#000000″ icon_width=”55px” _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”||22px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_icon][et_pb_heading title=”Aadesh Chordia” _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” title_font=”Akshar||||||||” title_text_align=”center” title_text_color=”RGBA(66,120,135,0.87)” title_font_size=”24px” custom_margin=”||1px|||” custom_padding=”0px|||||” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_heading][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” text_font=”Akshar||||||||” text_font_size=”25px” text_line_height=”1.2em” text_orientation=”center” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
Co-founder and former president of Ohio State\u2019s UAEM branch, plus an MD candidate in Ohio State\u2019s College of Medicine<\/span><\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”-57px|||||” custom_padding=”0px|||||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_3,1_3,1_3″ _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_icon font_icon=”p||divi||400″ icon_color=”#000000″ icon_width=”55px” _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”||14px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_icon][et_pb_heading title=”UAEM” _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” title_font=”Akshar||||||||” title_text_align=”center” title_text_color=”RGBA(66,120,135,0.87)” min_height=”37.2px” custom_margin=”||8px|||” custom_padding=”||0px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_heading][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” text_font=”Akshar||||||||” text_font_size=”25px” text_line_height=”1.1em” text_orientation=”center” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
Universities Allied for Essential Medicines<\/strong>, a student-led organization that spans 100 universities across 20 countries and works to promote healthcare affordability and accessibility on college campuses<\/span><\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_icon font_icon=”p||divi||400″ icon_color=”#000000″ icon_width=”55px” _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”||15px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_icon][et_pb_heading title=”AAP” _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” title_font=”Akshar||||||||” title_text_align=”center” title_text_color=”RGBA(66,120,135,0.87)” custom_margin=”||6px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_heading][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” text_font=”Akshar||||||||” text_font_size=”25px” text_line_height=”1.1em” text_orientation=”center” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
Affordable Access Plan<\/strong>, a few paragraphs of language that universities can add into their technology licensing agreements with external companies, requiring the company to outline plans to make a new technology more affordable to customers<\/p>\n
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Technology Commercialization Office<\/strong>, the office through which Ohio State licenses its drugs and technologies to external companies once they’ve been developed<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ admin_label=”Service” _builder_version=”4.20.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”0px||2px|||” locked=”off” collapsed=”on” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_2,1_2″ _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” width=”100%” max_width=”1759px” custom_padding=”||0px|17px||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.20.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”60px||60px||true|false” custom_padding_tablet=”0px||0px||true|false” custom_padding_phone=”0px||0px||true|false” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|desktop” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_heading title=”How Ohio State’s technology licensing works” _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” title_font=”Akshar||||||||” title_text_color=”RGBA(66,120,135,0.87)” title_font_size=”50px” title_line_height=”1.1em” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_heading][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” text_font=”Akshar||||||||” custom_margin=”-49px|||||” custom_padding=”12px|||||” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
Rebecca Wolitz, an Ohio State assistant law professor with expertise in bioethics, health law and intellectual property, said though \u201creasonable pricing clauses\u201d like the AAP are one solution to the \u201cpaying twice critique\u201d \u2014 or the argument that taxpayers are paying first for the research and then paying again at high prices once the medicine is on the market \u2014 Ohio State\u2019s decision to not include such a clause is \u201cfairly typical of how these things work.<\/span><\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_testimonial author=”Rebecca Wolitz, assistant law professor” _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” body_font=”Akshar||||||||” author_font=”Akshar|700|||||||” custom_margin=”-23px|||||” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
\u201cFirst of all, I think we should acknowledge that this is not how an ideal world would work. In an ideal world, with respect to access to medications, we would have, in my opinion, broader regulation for all drugs that make them affordable. It\u2019s because we don\u2019t have that kind of system in our country that we are then looking to these various strategies to kind of fill in the gaps as they exist.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n
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Notably, Perkins said neither the TCO nor the researchers involved have any role in determining the price of Ohio State-developed technologies.<\/span><\/p>\n
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\u201cWe negotiate terms in license agreements with industry partners to ensure that there is diligence with development and commercialization of the technology and return of value to OSU as creators of the technology,\u201d Perkins said in an email.<\/span><\/p>\n
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Laleh Shayesteh, director of Intellectual Property and Administration in the University of California, Berkeley\u2019s Office of Technology Licensing, outlined a similar process for negotiations at her university.<\/span><\/p>\n
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\u201cWhat the licensee does, whomever they are, they come to us, they give us a commercialization plan \u2014 a plan to commercialize the technology,\u201d Shayesteh said. \u201cBased on that commercialization plan, we enter into a license agreement, we negotiate terms on a license agreement. Nowhere in a license agreement is there ever a section that says \u2018You\u2019re going to sell this at $10\u2019 or \u2018You\u2019re going to sell this at a million dollars each,\u2019 right?\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n
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M<\/span>endoza, UAEM\u2019s North American executive director, agreed.<\/span><\/p>\n
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\u201cWith those few exceptions where the university actually manufactures the drug, for the most part, universities do not make their own medicines. So because of that, of course, there\u2019s other costs beyond developing and discovering the drug that are outside the university\u2019s control, and why pharmaceutical companies set the ultimate price.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n
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Credit: Courtesy of UAEM<\/em><\/p>\n
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Still, Mendoza said universities do \u201cset the rules of the road\u201d by writing contract terms that consider affordability and accessibility before an external company sets a medical technology\u2019s price.<\/span><\/p>\n
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\u201cThat\u2019s why the Affordable Access Plan is so important, and that\u2019s why policy proposals we\u2019ve tried in the past \u2014 including our Global Access Licensing Framework<\/a><\/span><\/span> \u2014 are important, because ultimately, the university will hold the patent on the original drug, product, whatever it is,\u201d Mendoza said. \u201cAnd they can determine who is able to use that product and bring it to market and they can tell them, \u2018You can only use our product to sell in X, Y and Z country or for A, B and C prices.\u2019\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n
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In reality, Shayesteh said the job of a university technology license office is \u201cto make sure that [its] technologies see the best light of day.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n
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\u201cSo, for every entity that comes to the door and is asking for an exclusive license \u2014 or for any license at all, actually \u2014 we ask for a commercialization plan,\u201d Shayesteh said. \u201c\u2018Let us know what you\u2019re going to do with this technology and when you\u2019re going to get there.\u2019 And based on that, then we start deciding which one of them could potentially have the best chance of making it.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n
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Wolitz agreed the primary focus of technology commercialization offices is getting technologies \u201coff the shelf\u201d and onto the market.<\/span><\/p>\n
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\u201cThe NIH for many, many years has been of that view, that their mission is to bring new drugs and improve the health of the American people, to make new drugs available,\u201d Wolitz said. \u201cAnd so, that\u2019s the No. 1 priority as opposed to downstream concerns about pricing.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n
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Though Ohio State\u2019s Technology Commercialization office has published its Standard Licensing Agreement Template<\/a><\/span><\/span> online, Nick Marchal \u2014 the current president of UAEM at Ohio State and a third-year in biomedical science \u2014 said the office has the right to privately negotiate with pharmaceutical companies to decide the terms of each contract.<\/span><\/p>\n
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\u201cI think the gist is that since it\u2019s a private company partnering with a public company, those agreements are presented as private information,\u201d Marchal said. \u201cBut since we are a public institution, that agreement kind of intuitively seems like it should be public.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n
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Perkins said one reason these negotiations are often kept private is due to the partnering company \u201cnot being in a position\u201d to make the details of its agreements public in order to protect the technologies it innovates.<\/span><\/p>\n
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Marchal said the technologies that make it to this licensing stage tend to be more appealing for investment because of their \u201chigher-earning potential.\u201d He said this, in combination with the fact that pharmaceutical companies usually contribute sums of money to the technology\u2019s development, makes it understandable that such companies would want to earn their money back.<\/span><\/p>\n
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But, he said, that doesn\u2019t mean the public\u2019s best interest should be disregarded.<\/span><\/p>\n
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Credit: Courtesy of Ohio State Technology Commercialization office<\/em><\/p>\n
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\u201cThe drug companies are like, \u2018OK, we put in all this research into developing this drug and getting it approved by the FDA, we want to recoup some of our costs,\u2019 which, from a business standpoint, that\u2019s understandable. If you\u2019re investing money, you want to get a return on it. But then, just the way they go about pricing them sometimes is not in the interest of the public, who helps fund them.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n
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Megan Curtin \u2014 a 2023 graduate of UC, Berkeley in molecular and cell biology, the former president of UC Berkeley\u2019s UAEM branch and a current member of the UAEM North American Coordinating Committee \u2014 said the licensing stage has the potential for productive deliberation between the two parties, which is why UAEM wants to get involved.<\/span><\/p>\n
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\u201cThat is where there\u2019s a lot of room for negotiation between a university and a commercial entity, and that\u2019s where we try and step in and write contract language that holds that commercial group accountable for affordable access, specifically because it\u2019s publicly funded, so then it should be available to people who are funding it, [the] general public.”<\/span><\/p>\n
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Ultimately, Perkins said Ohio State\u2019s status as a land grant institution means the royalty payments it receives from a technology license are reinvested back into the university, creating a \u201ccircle of research and innovation.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n
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\u201cWe negotiate as best as we can, because the main thing we\u2019re trying to do is have a positive impact while protecting Ohio State\u2019s interests as well,\u201d Perkins said. \u201cThe company is working to maximize their investment, we\u2019re working to have a positive impact and protect Ohio State, so in any type of negotiation, you have two sides that are trying to meet in the middle and have that best impact.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”-12px|||||” custom_padding=”1px|||||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row module_id=”diving” _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” width=”100%” max_width=”1710px” custom_margin=”13px|auto||auto||” custom_padding=”|||0px||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_heading title=”Diving into the AAP” module_id=”#diving” _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” title_font=”Akshar||||||||” title_text_align=”left” title_text_color=”RGBA(66,120,135,0.87)” title_font_size=”50px” custom_margin=”-11px|||||” custom_padding=”|||77px||” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_heading][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_2,1_2″ _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” width=”89%” max_width=”2560px” custom_margin=”-43px|auto||auto||” custom_padding=”0px||0px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” text_font=”Akshar||||||||” custom_margin=”33px|||||” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
The Affordable Access Plan is a \u201cmodel language\u201d that can be added to a university\u2019s licensing agreement terms in order to require a licensee to create and present an affordable access plan for the medical technology they\u2019re requesting to license, which the university can either approve, reject or amend, Marchal said.<\/span><\/p>\n
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Implementing the AAP into a licensing agreement creates a legally binding \u201cchecks and balances\u201d system between the university and the licensee. Marchal said the AAP is flexible in the sense that its specific provisions can be negotiated by and tailored to a specific university.<\/span><\/p>\n
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Though Mendoza said the AAP didn\u2019t exist when acalabrutinib was patented by Ohio State \u2014 as the language was first added into the University of California, Los Angeles\u2019 licensing agreement in 2020 \u2014 the drug is a prime example of why such language would be important going forward.<\/span><\/p>\n
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Notably, Wolitz said the AAP\u2019s effectiveness, once installed into a university licensing agreement, is uncertain.<\/span><\/p>\n
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\u201cI think if we\u2019re conditioning on the premise that we are in this non-ideal world where affordability and accessibility of medications is a broad problem that\u2019s not being addressed in a large-scale way, I think that the use of these sorts of contractual provisions is important,\u201d Wolitz said. \u201cI am, however, I guess, a little bit skeptical of how effective they\u2019ll be. I mean, a big problem with these provisions is whether or not they\u2019ve got an enforcement provision that has teeth.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n
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Hosted at Ohio State in September, the UAEM North American Leadership Meeting was a weekend during which UAEM leaders met with student members to discuss and strategize goals and initiatives the organization will pursue across the next year. Credit: Courtesy of Nick Marchal<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n
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The UAEM North American Conference in March at John Hopkins University, which hosted students and professionals both within and outside the UAEM network as they engaged with speakers and skill workers related to different areas in access to medicines. Credit: Courtesy of Nick Marchal<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n
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Though the AAP\u2019s presence in a licensing agreement doesn\u2019t guarantee a university will actually enforce it to yield affordable and accessible results from its licenses, Chordia said this is where \u201cwe have to leverage our position as university students.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n
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Specifically, Chordia said if Ohio State \u201cmakes a big statement\u201d about including the plan in its licenses but then doesn\u2019t actually work to enforce it or make its agreements more affordable, the students can hold the university accountable for being performative in its dedication to accessibility.<\/span><\/p>\n
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In addition to uncertainty surrounding its enforceability, Wolitz also expressed concerns about the AAP\u2019s potential for disincentivizing commercial collaborations.<\/span><\/p>\n
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\u201cIf it turns out that [affordability clauses] are actually a deterrent to parties moving forward with collaborations that would otherwise bring drugs that we would really want to have, that’s not a good thing,\u201d Wolitz said. \u201cThat’s an empirical question that we would need to answer.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n
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And yet, Wolitz said the symbolism of the language itself is important.<\/span><\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_testimonial author=”Rebecca Wolitz, assistant law professor” _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” body_font=”Akshar||||||||” author_font=”Akshar|700|||||||” custom_margin=”-14px|||||” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
\u201cRegardless of whether or not it actually brings more drugs that are more affordably priced to more people, I think the symbolism of it is as important as an expressive tool for the university to say, \u2018Yeah, we are committed to these sorts of ideals, given our public mission.’ So I think that the expressive and symbolic purpose that these clauses serve shouldn\u2019t be overlooked.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n
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\u201cSo, when the students came along for this portion to be added into the license agreement, it was not a huge leap for us. And ever since we put it in, we have negotiated [four to five] licenses with this provision in it \u2014 we have not even had a push back.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n
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\u2014 <\/span>Laleh Shayesteh, director of Intellectual Property and Administration at UC Berkeley<\/span><\/h2>\n
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After seeing <\/span>UCLA students protest and petition<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span> to ultimately get their university to incorporate the AAP into all its new licensing agreements in July 2020, Curtin said Berkeley\u2019s UAEM branch approached the university\u2019s vice chancellor of Intellectual Property and Industry Research Alliances \u2014 also known as IPIRA \u2014 that same year, during which its members pitched the AAP.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
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Eventually, Curtin said, after a few meetings with Berkeley IPIRA members and the UC Graduate and Professional Council\u2019s passing of a resolution that supported universal AAP implementation across the UC system, the university decided to implement and enforce the AAP in 100% of its intellectual property licenses in April 2023.<\/span><\/p>\n
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Berkeley\u2019s sample technology licensing agreements can be found on its <\/span>website<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span>, and the AAP provision can be found in section 4.9 of its <\/span>\u201cSample Startup Exclusive License Agreement with Equity.\u201d<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
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Shayesteh said implementing the AAP into Berkeley\u2019s licensing agreement was \u201cjust one more paragraph to add in,\u201d especially considering the university had previously taken steps to be more transparent about its medical licensing processes, being one of only a handful of universities in the country to have its entire license agreement templates publicly available online.<\/span><\/p>\n
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Mendoza said Berkeley\u2019s <\/span>licensing agreement<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span> is \u201cthe strongest one in the nation,\u201d and that Shayesteh\u2019s view on the AAP\u2019s minimal interference with day-to-day commercializing activities is \u201ca huge sign of success.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
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\u201cIt\u2019s one of my favorite things that Dr. Shayesteh says about the agreement at Berkeley because I think what it shows is the reality here that really nothing in the Affordable Access Plan is designed to be extreme or to stop industry from producing medicines and saving lives. It\u2019s just a check on power so that the patent holder, the university, can actually make sure that people get it, that\u2019s all it is. And it was designed specifically that way, it\u2019s not supposed to be harder to commercialize.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_testimonial][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”0px|||||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_2,1_2″ _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” width=”100%” max_width=”1442px” custom_margin=”|16px||16px||true” custom_padding=”|44px||||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_heading title=”As to why a university may be hesitant to work the AAP into its licensing agreement,” _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” title_font=”Akshar||||||||” title_text_color=”#000000″ title_line_height=”1.1em” width=”99.9%” module_alignment=”left” custom_margin=”-22px|-77px|13px|||” custom_padding=”|1px|0px|1px||” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_heading][et_pb_icon font_icon=”$||divi||400″ icon_color=”RGBA(66,120,135,0.87)” icon_width=”50px” _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”4px|||||” custom_padding=”23px|399px||||” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_icon][et_pb_icon font_icon=”$||divi||400″ icon_color=”RGBA(66,120,135,0.87)” icon_width=”50px” _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”4px|||||” custom_padding=”113px|395px|3px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_icon][et_pb_icon font_icon=”$||divi||400″ icon_color=”RGBA(66,120,135,0.87)” icon_width=”50px” _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”4px|||||” custom_padding=”79px|396px|0px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_icon][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” text_font=”Akshar||||||||” custom_margin=”102px|||-556px||” custom_padding=”|||1px||” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
Shayesteh said it could be because individuals or entities looking at the language of the licensing agreement don\u2019t entirely understand the \u201ctechnicalities\u201d that go into it.<\/span><\/p>\n
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\u201cLike I said, for most places, universities, non-universities, a license agreement is a document that is kept behind smoke and mirrors, including [at] most UCs \u2014 like I said, we are the only one who has it out there,\u201d Shayesteh said. \u201cIt is a document that is very carefully guarded and it\u2019s a document that is very carefully negotiated, and they just don\u2019t want to change, period.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n
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Wolitz said another explanation for reluctance on the university end involves the broader assumptions external entities may make.<\/span><\/p>\n
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\u201c[The provision\u2019s] primary purpose actually might serve more as an expressive or symbolic articulation of a particular worldview that maybe some individuals would be reluctant to include in a kind of agreement, or would think that potential partners would find off-putting,\u201d Wolitz said.<\/span><\/p>\n
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Or, Wolitz said, one additional explanation specific to Ohio State could be that the university believes it has already \u201ccovered [its] bases\u201d with regard to affordability and accessibility in its licensing agreements.<\/span><\/p>\n
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\u201cThere are other ways to serve accessibility and affordability goals other than these sorts of clauses,\u201d Wolitz said. \u201cSo, reserving the ability of Ohio State to retain a non-exclusive license to use the technology is another way that they can serve these purposes, and my understanding is that the Ohio State license does reserve rights of that kind of nature.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n
[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ admin_label=”Testimonials” _builder_version=”4.20.0″ _module_preset=”default” background_color=”gcid-1e763e3c-64f3-48f0-98f9-1ac3f4e31744″ custom_padding=”0px||3px|||” collapsed=”on” global_colors_info=”{%22gcid-1e763e3c-64f3-48f0-98f9-1ac3f4e31744%22:%91%22background_color%22%93}”][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_3,2_3″ _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” width=”100%” max_width=”1799px” custom_margin=”-73px|-83px||90px||” custom_padding=”|104px||||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” text_font=”Akshar||||||||” width=”100%” min_height=”1212.4px” custom_padding=”|0px||||” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
Shayesteh said it\u2019s too early to know if Berkeley\u2019s relationships with external companies in regard to medical technologies will change due to the AAP, but said she thinks \u201cit\u2019s not going to be a big deal\u201d even 15-16 years down the line, when the plan comes to fruition in various agreements.<\/span><\/p>\n
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\u201c[That\u2019s] because it is not written in a way to invite a fight,\u201d Shayesteh said. \u201cBasically, when we are ready, we will talk with each other nicely and come up with a plan together that\u2019s acceptable to both. So, based on that, I don\u2019t foresee huge issues.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n
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Though Berkeley is a success story in regard to students\u2019 work to implement the AAP, Curtin said the general lack of implementation across the United States for all but two universities demonstrates how challenging such a process can be, namely because undergraduate students are often perceived by universities as lacking credibility.<\/span><\/p>\n
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Marchal said although UCLA and Berkeley are the only two universities to have adopted the AAP, 12 others in the United States have indicated willingness to do so, including Columbia University, University of Pennsylvania and University of Michigan.<\/span><\/p>\n
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\u201cWith every school that we\u2019re able to work with, UAEM as an organization is becoming more and more credible and people are wanting to work with us on initiatives like this,\u201d Curtin said. \u201cSomeone has to be defending this and advocating for it to happen because if it\u2019s not producing a profit, it\u2019s hard to incentivize.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n
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Nevertheless, Curtin said universities should remember that march-in rights \u2014 whereby the government can remove the university\u2019s ownership of a federally funded drug \u2014 do exist, and though they\u2019ve never been exercised, they are a legitimate, legal process.<\/span><\/p>\n
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Curtin said universities must also remember that their reputation is at stake.<\/span><\/p>\n
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\u201cYour name is everything,\u201d Curtin said. \u201cYou don\u2019t want to seem like a profit-hungry institution when you\u2019re saying you have all these groundbreaking innovations; you want it to be affordable and accessible.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n
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People make their way up the stairs on the UCLA campus in Westwood, California, on Aug. 15, 2024. Two off-campus incidents are being investigated as aggravated assaults using drugs, police said. Credit: Genaro Molina\/Los Angeles Times via TNS<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/www.thelantern.com\/projects\/files\/2024\/11\/BERKELEY.jpg” title_text=”BERKELEY” _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” width=”50%” custom_margin=”0px|0px|0px|210px|false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” text_font=”Akshar||||||||” text_line_height=”1em” custom_margin=”|117px||||” custom_padding=”0px|136px||208px||” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
Sather Tower on the campus of UC Berkeley on Thursday, June 22, 2023, in Berkeley, California. Credit: Jason Armond\/Los Angeles Times via TNS<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n
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People walk on the Columbia University campus on March 9, 2020, in New York City. Credit: Jeenah Moon\/Getty Images via TNS<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/www.thelantern.com\/projects\/files\/2024\/11\/MICHIGAN.jpg” title_text=”MICHIGAN” _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” width=”50%” custom_margin=”|||210px|false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” text_font=”Akshar||||||||” text_line_height=”1em” custom_margin=”-32px|||||” custom_padding=”0px|136px||208px||” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
On the University of Michigan campus. Credit: Susan Glaser via TNS<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”29px||10px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”0px|||||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_heading title=”Shayesteh said she is willing to be a resource for other universities like Ohio State that may be hesitant to include the AAP in their own licensing agreements.” _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” title_font=”Akshar||||||||” title_text_color=”#000000″ title_font_size=”28px” custom_padding=”|||1px||” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_heading][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” width=”72%” max_width=”2560px” custom_margin=”|auto||38px||” custom_padding=”0px|||||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_testimonial author=”Laleh Shayesteh, director of Intellectual Property and Administration at UC Berkeley” _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” body_font=”Akshar||||||||” author_font=”Akshar|700|||||||” custom_margin=”|-327px||||” custom_padding=”|18px||||” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
\u201cIf there is pushback on the side of Ohio State, they\u2019re welcome to contact me. I\u2019ve always told this to the students and to UAEM: If somebody wants to talk to me, send them my way. I\u2019m happy to talk to them, I\u2019m happy to describe this to them, if it helps them to put this into their documents and understand why it is that we put it in ours.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_testimonial][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”17px|||||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” width=”100%” max_width=”1785px” module_alignment=”right” custom_padding=”||0px|333px||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_heading title=”The relationship between Ohio State and UAEM” module_id=”#relationship” _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” title_font=”Akshar||||||||” title_text_align=”right” title_text_color=”RGBA(66,120,135,0.87)” title_font_size=”50px” title_line_height=”1.1em” custom_padding=”|183px||470px||” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_heading][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_2,1_2″ _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” width=”94%” max_width=”2190px” custom_padding=”0px||12px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” text_font=”Akshar||||||||” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
According to email correspondence between Ohio State\u2019s UAEM branch and the university\u2019s Technology Commercialization office, plus notes from Marchal and Chordia, members of both groups met four times between April 18, 2023, and April 16, 2024.<\/span><\/p>\n
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Though TCO members, like associate director of licensing in health sciences Panya Taysavang, expressed some preliminary concerns regarding the AAP\u2019s implementation at Ohio State, Chordia said it wasn\u2019t until the fourth and final meeting between the office and UAEM students that the office outwardly said it wouldn\u2019t include the plan in its licensing agreements.<\/span><\/p>\n
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According to Chordia and Marchal, the TCO expressed April 16 that there was a \u201clack of internal desire\u201d to do the \u201cheavy lifting\u201d that would be required of AAP implementation into its agreements.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n
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Even so, Perkins said Taysavang and the broader TCO want to maintain their relationship with UAEM students by developing affordable access guidelines.<\/span><\/p>\n
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\u201cWe\u2019re definitely open to working with students; we\u2019re committed to creating things that help people and that really impact the world and other people\u2019s wellbeing, so [we\u2019re] definitely willing to speak with them,\u201d Perkins said. \u201cJust based on my conversation [with Taysavang], I think he\u2019s just waiting on follow-up from students so, if they\u2019re able to connect, I\u2019m sure that they can continue moving [along] the process.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n
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Though Marchal said UAEM at Ohio State students have been working on compiling a list of guidelines since their last meeting with the TCO, he said the guidelines fall short of UAEM\u2019s goals due to their \u201cgood faith\u201d implementation, meaning there is no guarantee they will be explicitly included or enforced in licensing agreements.<\/span><\/p>\n
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Perkins said this won\u2019t change the way the office goes about adhering to the guidelines.<\/span><\/p>\n
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\u201cI can say, from my experience working with the office, if we have guidelines for something, we will certainly do our best to adhere to them, so it would definitely be more than a good-faith thing,\u201d Perkins said.<\/span><\/p>\n
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When asked why Ohio State declined to implement the AAP into its licensing language even though \u2014 according to Shayesteh \u2014 Berkeley has experienced no pushback since adding the language into its own agreements, Perkins declined to comment.<\/span><\/p>\n
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\u201cI can\u2019t really say only because I\u2019m just not really familiar with UC Berkeley and how they function, so I don\u2019t want to comment on them,\u201d Perkins said.<\/span><\/p>\n
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As to whether the office would ever add the AAP into its licensing language down the line, Perkins also declined to comment.<\/span><\/p>\n
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\u201cI don\u2019t think I\u2019m in a position to answer that, and then especially because this is still an ongoing thing, I wouldn\u2019t be comfortable forecasting the future in that way.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n
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Instead, Perkins reiterated that the distinctness of each individual agreement is what made the TCO believe guidelines \u2014 not the AAP \u2014 were the best solution going forward, and that the office is still \u201cvery much interested\u201d in collaboration with UAEM at Ohio State students.<\/span><\/p>\n
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At the UAEM North American Leadership Meeting in September and hosted at Ohio State, Marchal sits in on a breakout case-study discussion of the unscientific implementation of race in clinical decision-making equations. Credit: Courtesy of Nick Marchal<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/www.thelantern.com\/projects\/files\/2024\/11\/IMG_3214-1.jpeg” alt=”Students and professionals both within and outside the UAEM network at the UAEM North American Conference in March at John Hopkins University. Courtesy of Nick Marchal” title_text=”IMG_3214″ _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” text_font=”Akshar||||||||” text_line_height=”1em” custom_margin=”-36px||20px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
Students and professionals both within and outside the UAEM network at the UAEM North American Conference in March at John Hopkins University. Credit: Courtesy of Nick Marchal<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/www.thelantern.com\/projects\/files\/2024\/11\/IMG_3656.jpg” title_text=”IMG_3656″ _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” max_width=”52%” custom_margin=”|||135px|false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” text_font=”Akshar||||||||” text_line_height=”1em” min_height=”36px” custom_margin=”-30px||17px|||” custom_padding=”|137px||134px||” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
Outside of Ohio State’s College of Medicine. Credit: Courtesy of Nick Marchal<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” text_line_height=”1em” custom_margin=”-30px||17px|||” custom_padding=”|137px||134px||” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u00a0For people suffering from various rare forms of blood cancer, acalabrutinib offers the promise of improved life quality by reducing serious side effects \u2014 namely suppressed immune systems that left patients dangerously vulnerable to infection \u2014 that came from previously established treatments. This drug\u2019s discovery was a big win for Ohio State researchers, who took […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4233,"featured_media":9058,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"project_category":[22],"project_tag":[733,721,732,751,731,734,736,722,280,178,757,750,729,740,763,764,727,730,735,738,753,752,747,409,745,502,577,403,762,761,163,39,755,180,749,744,756,758,748,759,739,741,737,182,760,743,728,742,746,723,725,726,724,162,754],"coauthors":[719],"class_list":["post-8931","project","type-project","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","project_category-landing-page","project_tag-aap","project_tag-acalabrutinib","project_tag-accessible","project_tag-advocacy","project_tag-affordable","project_tag-affordable-accessible-plan","project_tag-blood-cancer","project_tag-calquence","project_tag-campus","project_tag-college","project_tag-company","project_tag-cost","project_tag-develop","project_tag-development","project_tag-dollar","project_tag-dollars","project_tag-drug","project_tag-fund","project_tag-healthcare","project_tag-inaccessible","project_tag-ipira","project_tag-justin-mendoza","project_tag-language","project_tag-license","project_tag-licensing-agreement","project_tag-life","project_tag-medicine","project_tag-money","project_tag-national-institutes-for-health","project_tag-nih","project_tag-ohio","project_tag-ohio-state","project_tag-organization","project_tag-osu","project_tag-paragraph","project_tag-patent","project_tag-pharmaceutical","project_tag-private","project_tag-provision","project_tag-public","project_tag-research","project_tag-researcher","project_tag-save","project_tag-student","project_tag-taxpayer","project_tag-tco","project_tag-technology","project_tag-technology-commercialization-office","project_tag-template","project_tag-uaem","project_tag-uc-berkeley","project_tag-ucla","project_tag-universities-allied-for-essential-medicines","project_tag-university","project_tag-woyach"],"acf":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thelantern.com\/projects\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/project\/8931","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thelantern.com\/projects\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/project"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thelantern.com\/projects\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/project"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thelantern.com\/projects\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4233"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thelantern.com\/projects\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8931"}],"version-history":[{"count":100,"href":"https:\/\/www.thelantern.com\/projects\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/project\/8931\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9174,"href":"https:\/\/www.thelantern.com\/projects\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/project\/8931\/revisions\/9174"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thelantern.com\/projects\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9058"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thelantern.com\/projects\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8931"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"project_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thelantern.com\/projects\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/project_category?post=8931"},{"taxonomy":"project_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thelantern.com\/projects\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/project_tag?post=8931"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thelantern.com\/projects\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=8931"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
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